Important Articles of the Constitution

Important Articles of the Constitution

Articles----> Subject

Part I Art. 1-4----> The Union and its territory.

Part II Art. 5-11----> Citizenship

Part III----> Fundamental Rights

Art. 12----> Definition

Art. 13----> Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

Art. 12----> Definition

Art. 13----> Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

Right to Equality

Art. 14----> Equality before law

Art. 15----> Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

Art. 16----> Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

Art. 17----> Abolition of untouchability

Art. 18----> Abolition of titles

Right to Freedom

Art. 19----> Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.

Art. 20----> Protection in respect of conviction for offences

Art. 21----> Protection of life and personal liberty

21A.----> Right to education

Art. 22----> Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Right against Exploitation

Art. 23----> Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour

Art. 24----> Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

Right to Freedom of Religion

Art. 25----> Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion

Art. 26----> Freedom to manage religious affairs

Art. 27----> Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion

Art. 28----> Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

Cultural and Educational Rights

Art. 29----> Protection of interests of minorities

Art. 30----> Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions

Saving of certain Laws

Art. 31A----> Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.

Art. 31B----> Validation of certain Acts and Regulations

Art. 31C----> Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles

Right to Constitutional Remedies

Art. 32----> Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part

Art. 33----> Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.

Art. 34----> Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area

Art. 35----> Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part

Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy

Art. 36----> Definition

Art. 37----> Application of the principles contained in this Part

Art. 38----> State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people

Art. 39----> Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State

Art. 39A----> Equal justice and free legal aid

Art. 40----> Organisation of village panchayats

Art. 41----> Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases

Art. 42----> Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

Art. 43----> Living wage, etc. for workers

Art. 43A----> Participation of workers in management of industries Art.

43B----> The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies.

Art. 44----> Uniform civil code for the citizens

Art. 45----> Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years

Art. 46----> Promotion of educational and economic interest of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections

Art. 47----> Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health

Art. 48----> Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry

Art. 48A----> Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life

Art. 49----> Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance

Art. 50----> Separation of judiciary from executive

Art. 51----> Promotion of international peace and security

Part lVA Art. 51A Fundamental Duties
Part V The Union
Chapter-I : The Executive

Art. 52----> The President of India

Art. 53----> Executive power of the Union

Art. 54----> Election of President

Art. 61----> Procedure for impeachment of the President

Art. 63----> The Vice-President of India

Art. 64----> The Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States

Art. 65----> The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence of President

Art. 66----> Election of Vice-President

Art. 72----> Power of President to grant pardons, etc. and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases

Art. 74----> Council of Ministers to aid and advise President

Art. 76----> Attorney-General for India

Chapter-II : Parliament

Art. 79----> Constitution of Parliament

Art. 80----> Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)

Art. 81----> Composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)

Art. 83----> Duration of Houses of Parliament

Art. 84----> Qualification for membership of Parliament

Art. 85----> Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution

Art. 86----> Right of President to address and send messages to Houses

Art. 87----> Special address by the President

Art. 88----> Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses

Art. 89----> The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States

Art. 90----> Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman

Art. 93----> The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People

Art. 94----> Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker

Art. 95----> Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker

Art. 98----> Secretariat of Parliament

Art. 99----> Oath or affirmation by members

Art. 100----> Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum

Art. 105----> Powers, privileges, etc. of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof

Art. 106----> Salaries and allowances of members

Art. 107----> Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills

Art. 108----> Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases

Art. 109----> Special procedure in respect of Money Bills

Art. 110----> Definition of "Money Bills"

Art. 111----> Assent to Bills

Art. 112----> Annual financial statement (Budget)

Art. 113----> Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates

Art. 114----> Appropriation Bills

Art. 115----> Supplementary, additional or excess grants

Art. 116----> Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants

Art. 117----> Special provisions as to financial Bills

Art. 118----> Rules of procedure

Art. 119----> Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business

Art. 120----> Language to be used in Parliament

Art. 121----> Restriction on discussion in Parliament

Art. 122----> Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament

Chapter - III Legislative Powers of the President

Art. 123----> Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament

Chapter-IV : The Union Judiciary

Art. 124----> Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court

Art. 125----> Salaries, etc. of Judges

Art. 126----> Appointment of acting Chief Justice

Art. 127----> Appointment of ad hoc Judges

Art. 128----> Attendence of retired Judge at sittings of the Supreme Court

Art. 129----> Supreme Court to be a Court of record

Art. 130----> Seat of Supreme Court

Art. 131----> Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court

Art. 132----> Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in certain cases

Art. 133----> Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in regard to civil matters

Art. 134----> Appellate jurisdicition of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters

Art. 134A----> Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court

Art. 135----> Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court

Art. 136----> Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court

Art. 137----> Review of judgements or orders by the Supreme Court

Art. 138----> Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Art. 141----> Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all Courts

Art. 143----> Power of President to consult Supreme Court

Art. 144----> Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court

Chapter-V : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India

Art. 148----> Comptroller and Auditor-General of India

Art. 149----> Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General

Part VI The States

Art. 152-237----> The Government at the State level : The Executive, The State Legislature, The High Courts and Subordinate Courts

Part VIII----> Art. 239-241 The Union Territories
Part IX ----> Art. 243 to 243-0 The Panchayats
Part IXA----> Art. 243-P to 243-ZG The Municipalities
Part IXB----> Art. 243-ZH to 243-ZT The Co-operative Societies
Part X ----> Art. 244-244A The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part XI ----> Art. 245-263 Relations between The Union and the States
Part XII ----> Art. 264-300 Finance, property, contracts and suits; Distribution of revenue between Union and States; Finance Commission; Borrowing, Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits
Art. 300A----> Right to Property
Part XIII----> Art. 301-307 Trade, commerce and intercourse within India
Part XIV ----> Services Under The Union and The States

Art. 309----> Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State

Art. 310----> Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State

Art. 311----> Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State

Art. 312----> All-India Services

Art. 315----> Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States

Art. 316----> Appointment and term of office of members

Art. 317----> Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission

Art. 318----> Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission

Art. 320----> Functions of Public Service Commissions

Art. 321----> Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions

Art. 323----> Reports of Public Service Commissions

Part XIVA Art. 323A-323B Tribunals

Part XV Elections

Art. 324----> Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission

Art. 325----> No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex

Art. 326----> Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage

Art. 327----> Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to legislatures

Art. 328----> Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature

Art. 329----> Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters

Part XVI Art .330-342 Special provisions for certain classes

Part XVII Art. 343-351 Official languages

Part XVIII Art. 352 - 360 Emergency Provisions

Part XIX Miscellaneous

Art. 361A----> Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures

Art. 363----> Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.

Art. 363A----> Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished

Art. 364----> Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes Art. 365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union

Part XX Art. 368 Amendment of the Constitution
Part XXI Art. 369-392 Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Special status of States
Part XXII Art. 393-395 Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals

Schedules of the Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India at the time of its adoption had only eight Schedules to which four more were added during the succeeding sixty-five years.

1st Schedule : 28 States and 7 Union Territories with Territorial demarcations

2nd Schedule :

Part 'A' : Salary and emoluments of the President and Governors of the States

Part 'B' : Omitted

Part 'C' : Salary and emoluments of the Speaker / Deputy Speaker or Chairman / Vice Chairman of the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies or Councils.

Part 'D' : Salary and emoluments of the judge of the Supreme Court and High Courts

Part 'E' : Salary and emoluments of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India

3rd Schedule : Forms of oath and affirmations of members of legislatures, ministers and judges.

4th Schedule : Allocation of seats to States and Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha.

5th Schedule : Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and STs.

6th Schedule : Administration of Tribal Areas of North-Eastern States

7th Schedule : Distribution of power between the Union and the State Government. (Union List, State List and Concurrent List)

8th Schedule : Description of 22 languages recognised by the Constitution.

9th Schedule : Validation of certain Acts and Regulations

10th Schedule : Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection (Anti-defection Law introduced by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act.). This Schedule followed latest developments by 91st amendment to the constitution in 2003.

11th Schedule : Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats, 29 subjects over which the Panchayats have jurisdiction (refer to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act).

12th Schedule : Powers, authority and responsiblities of Municipalities, 18 subjects over which the Municipalities have jurisdiction (refer to the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act).